通过序列化进行深层复制(java)
时间:2007-05-29 yycnet.yeah.net yyc译
若研究一下第10章介绍的那个Java 1.1对象序列化示例，可能发现若在一个对象序列化以后再撤消对它的序列化，或者说进行装配，那么实际经历的正是一个“克隆”的过程。那么为什么不用序列化进行深层复制呢？下面这个例子通过计算执行时间对比了这两种方法：
//: Compete.java
import java.io.*;
class Thing1 implements Serializable {}
class Thing2 implements Serializable {
Thing1 o1 = new Thing1();
}
class Thing3 implements Cloneable {
public Object clone() {
Object o = null;
try {
o = super.clone();
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
System.out.println("Thing3 can''t clone");
}
return o;
}
}
class Thing4 implements Cloneable {
Thing3 o3 = new Thing3();
public Object clone() {
Thing4 o = null;
try {
o = (Thing4)super.clone();
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
System.out.println("Thing4 can''t clone");
}
// Clone the field, too:
o.o3 = (Thing3)o3.clone();
return o;
}
}
public class Compete {
static final int SIZE = 5000;
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thing2[] a = new Thing2[SIZE];
for(int i = 0; i < a.length; i++)
a[i] = new Thing2();
Thing4[] b = new Thing4[SIZE];
for(int i = 0; i < b.length; i++)
b[i] = new Thing4();
try {
long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
ByteArrayOutputStream buf =
new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream o =
new ObjectOutputStream(buf);
for(int i = 0; i < a.length; i++)
o.writeObject(a[i]);
// Now get copies:
ObjectInputStream in =
new ObjectInputStream(
new ByteArrayInputStream(
buf.toByteArray()));
Thing2[] c = new Thing2[SIZE];
for(int i = 0; i < c.length; i++)
c[i] = (Thing2)in.readObject();
long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(
"Duplication via serialization: " +
(t2 - t1) + " Milliseconds");
// Now try cloning:
t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
Thing4[] d = new Thing4[SIZE];
for(int i = 0; i < d.length; i++)
d[i] = (Thing4)b[i].clone();
t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(
"Duplication via cloning: " +
(t2 - t1) + " Milliseconds");
} catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} ///:~
其中，Thing2和Thing4包含了成员对象，所以需要进行一些深层复制。一个有趣的地方是尽管Serializable类很容易设置，但在复制它们时却要做多得多的工作。克隆涉及到大量的类设置工作，但实际的对象复制是相当简单的。结果很好地说明了一切。下面是几次运行分别得到的结果：的确
Duplication via serialization: 3400 Milliseconds
Duplication via cloning: 110 Milliseconds
Duplication via serialization: 3410 Milliseconds
Duplication via cloning: 110 Milliseconds
Duplication via serialization: 3520 Milliseconds
Duplication via cloning: 110 Milliseconds
除了序列化和克隆之间巨大的时间差异以外，我们也注意到序列化技术的运行结果并不稳定，而克隆每一次花费的时间都是相同的。 |
