防止内存泄露 Linux下用Valgrind做检查
链很清晰,这样可以减少你在浏览大型C 程序时的混乱.比如在使用这个选项的时候,用memcheck检查openoffice就很容易.当然,你可能不会做这项工作,但是使用这一选项valgrind生成更精确的错误报告和减少混乱.
一些编译优化选项(比如-O2或者更高的优化选项),可能会memcheck提交错误的未初始化报告,因此,为了valgrind的报告更精确,在编译的时候最好不要使用优化选项. 拥有帝国一切,皆有可能。欢迎访问phome.net 如果程序是通过脚本启动的,可以修改脚本里启动程序的代码,或者使用--trace-children=yes选项来运行脚本. 下面是用memcheck检查ls -l命令的输出报告,在终端下执行下面的命令 valgrind --tool=memcheck ls -l 程序会打印出ls -l命令的结果,是valgrind的检查报告如下: ==4187== ==4187== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 19 from 2) ==4187== malloc/free: in use at exit: 15,154 bytes in 105 blocks. ==4187== malloc/free: 310 allocs, 205 frees, 60,093 bytes allocated. ==4187== For counts of detected errors, rerun with: -v ==4187== searching for pointers to 105 not-freed blocks. ==4187== checked 145,292 bytes. ==4187== ==4187== LEAK SUMMARY: ==4187== definitely lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks. ==4187== possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks. ==4187== still reachable: 15,154 bytes in 105 blocks. ==4187== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks. ==4187== Reachable blocks (those to which a pointer was found) are not shown. ==4187== To see them, rerun with: --show-reachable=yes 这里的“4187”指的是执行ls -l的进程ID,这有利于区别不同进程的报告.memcheck会给出报告,分配置和释放了多少内存,有多少内存泄漏了,还有多少内存的访问是可达的,检查了多少字节的内存.
下面举两个用valgrind做内存检查的例子 例子一 (test.c): #include <string.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { char *ptr; ptr = (char*) malloc(10); strcpy(ptr, "01234567890"); return 0; } 编译程序 gcc -g -o test test.c 用valgrind执行命令 valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=yes ./test 报告如下 ==4270== Memcheck, a memory error detector. ==4270== Copyright (C) 2002-2006, and GNU GPL''d, by Julian Seward et al. ==4270== Using LibVEX rev 1606, a library for dynamic binary translation. ==4270== Copyright (C) 2004-2006, and GNU GPL''d, by OpenWorks LLP. 拥有帝国一切,皆有可能。欢迎访问phome.net ==4270== Using valgrind-3.2.0, a dynamic binary instrumentation framework. ==4270== Copyright (C) 2000-2006, and GNU GPL''d, by Julian Seward et al. ==4270== For more details, rerun with: -v ==4270== ==4270== Invalid write of size 1 ==4270== at 0x4006190: strcpy (mc_replace_strmem.c:271) ==4270== by 0x80483DB: main (test.c:8) ==4270== Address 0x4023032 is 0 bytes after a block of size 10 alloc''d ==4270== at 0x40044F6: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:149) ==4270== by 0x80483C5: main (test.c:7) ==4270== ==4270== Invalid write of size 1 ==4270== at 0x400619C: strcpy (mc_replace_strmem.c:271) ==4270== by 0x8048 |
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