创建自己的违例
时间:2007-05-28 yycnet.yeah.net yyc译
并不一定非要使用Java违例。这一点必须掌握，因为经常都需要创建自己的违例，以便指出自己的库可能生成的一个特殊错误——但创建Java分级结构的时候，这个错误是无法预知的。为创建自己的违例类，必须从一个现有的违例类型继承——最好在含义上与新违例近似。继承一个违例相当简单：
//: Inheriting.java
// Inheriting your own exceptions
class MyException extends Exception {
public MyException() {}
public MyException(String msg) {
super(msg);
}
}
public class Inheriting {
public static void f() throws MyException {
System.out.println(
"Throwing MyException from f()");
throw new MyException();
}
public static void g() throws MyException {
System.out.println(
"Throwing MyException from g()");
throw new MyException("Originated in g()");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
f();
} catch(MyException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
g();
} catch(MyException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} ///:~
继承在创建新类时发生：
class MyException extends Exception {
public MyException() {}
public MyException(String msg) {
super(msg);
}
}
这里的关键是“extends Exception”，它的意思是：除包括一个Exception的全部含义以外，还有更多的含义。增加的代码数量非常少——实际只添加了两个构建器，对MyException的创建方式进行了定义。请记住，假如我们不明确调用一个基础类构建器，编译器会自动调用基础类默认构建器。在第二个构建器中，通过使用super关键字，明确调用了带有一个String参数的基础类构建器。该程序输出结果如下：
Throwing MyException from f()
MyException
at Inheriting.f(Inheriting.java:16)
at Inheriting.main(Inheriting.java:24)
Throwing MyException from g()
MyException: Originated in g()
at Inheriting.g(Inheriting.java:20)
at Inheriting.main(Inheriting.java:29)
可以看到，在从f()“掷”出的MyException违例中，缺乏详细的消息。创建自己的违例时，还可以采取更多的操作。我们可添加额外的构建器及成员：
//: Inheriting2.java
// Inheriting your own exceptions
class MyException2 extends Exception {
public MyException2() {}
public MyException2(String msg) {
super(msg);
}
public MyException2(String msg, int x) {
super(msg);
i = x;
}
public int val() { return i; }
private int i;
}
public class Inheriting2 {
public static void f() throws MyException2 {
System.out.println(
"Throwing MyException2 from f()");
throw new MyException2();
}
public static void g() throws MyException2 {
System.out.println(
"Throwing MyException2 from g()");
throw new MyException2("Originated in g()");
}
public static void h() throws MyException2 {
System.out.println(
"Throwing MyException2 from h()");
throw new MyException2(
"Originated in h()", 47);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
f();
|
