子
让我们来看一下另外一个例子。在当前的系统中,有三种用户:常规用户,管理员和游客。
常规用户必须每隔90天修改一次密码(更频繁也行)。管理员必须每30天修改一次密码。游客就不需要修改了。
常规用户跟管理员可以打印报表。
先看一下当前的代码:
class UserAccount {
final static int USERTYPE_NORMAL = 0;
final static int USERTYPE_ADMIN = 1;
final static int USERTYPE_GUEST = 2;
int userType;
String id;
String name;
String password;
Date dateOfLastPasswdChange;
public boolean checkPassword(String password) {
...
}
}
class InventoryApp {
void login(UserAccount userLoggingIn, String password) {
if (userLoggingIn.checkPassword(password)) {
GregorianCalendar today = new GregorianCalendar();
GregorianCalendar expiryDate = getAccountExpiryDate(userLoggingIn);
if (today.after(expiryDate)) {
//提示用户修改密码
...
}
}
}
GregorianCalendar getAccountExpiryDate(UserAccount account) {
int passwordMaxAgeInDays = getPasswordMaxAgeInDays(account);
GregorianCalendar expiryDate = new GregorianCalendar();
expiryDate.setTime(account.dateOfLastPasswdChange);
expiryDate.add(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, passwordMaxAgeInDays);
return expiryDate;
}
int getPasswordMaxAgeInDays(UserAccount account) {
switch (account.getType()) {
case UserAccount.USERTYPE_NORMAL:
return 90;
case UserAccount.USERTYPE_ADMIN:
return 30;
case UserAccount.USERTYPE_GUEST:
return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
}
}
void printReport(UserAccount currentUser) {
boolean canPrint;
switch (currentUser.getType()) {
case UserAccount.USERTYPE_NORMAL:
canPrint = true;
break;
case UserAccount.USERTYPE_ADMIN:
canPrint = true;
break;
case UserAccount.USERTYPE_GUEST:
canPrint = false;
}
if (!canPrint) {
throw new SecurityException("You have no right");
}
//打印报表
}
}
Java敏捷开发技巧之消除代码异味(7)
时间:2011-04-09
用一个对象代替一种类别(注意,之前是一个类代替一种类别)。
根据之前讲的解决方法,要去掉类别代码,我们只需要为每种类别创建一个子类,比如:
abstract class UserAccount {
String id;
String name;
String password;
Date dateOfLastPasswdChange;
abstract int getPasswordMaxAgeInDays();
abstract boolean canPrintReport();
}
class NormalUserAccount extends UserAccount {
int getPasswordMaxAgeInDays() {
return 90;
}
boolean canPrintReport() {
return true;
}
}
class AdminUserAccount extends UserAccount {
int getPasswordMaxAgeInDays() {
return 30;
}
boolean canPrintReport() {
return true;
}
}
class GuestUserAccount extends UserAccount {
int getPasswordMaxAgeInDays() {
return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
}
boolean canPrintReport() {
return false;
}
}
但问题是,三种子类的行为(里面的代码)都差不多一样,getPasswordMaxAgeInDays这个方法就一个数值不同(30,90或者Integer.MAX_VALUE)。canPrintReport这个方法也不同在一个数值(true或false)。这三种用户类型只需要用三个对象代替就行了,无须特别地新建三个子类了:
class UserAccount {
UserType userType;
String id;
String name;
String password;
Date dateOfLastPasswdChange;
UserType getType() {
return userType;
}
}
class UserType {
int passwordMaxAgeInDays;
boolean allowedToPrintReport;
UserType(int p
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